Is er een manier om PRINT-resultaten weer te geven met de SQL-server JDBC-driver?

Ja, er is:https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/44373/5457

Statement stmt = ...;
stmt.execute("some sql statement");
SQLWarning warning = stmt.getWarnings();

while (warning != null) {
    System.out.println(warning.getMessage());
    warning = warning.getNextWarning();
}