Dit artikel bevat de SQL SELECT
syntaxis, zoals geïmplementeerd door verschillende databasebeheersystemen (DBMS'en). De syntaxis wordt precies weergegeven zoals elke leverancier deze op hun website heeft vermeld. Klik op de toepasselijke link om meer details over de syntaxis voor een bepaalde leverancier te bekijken.
De gedekte DBMS'en zijn MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL en Oracle Database.
MySQL
Uit de MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual:
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [MAX_STATEMENT_TIME =N
] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]select_expr
[,select_expr
...] [FROMtable_references
[PARTITIONpartition_list
] [WHEREwhere_condition
] [GROUP BY {col_name
|expr
|position
} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]] [HAVINGwhere_condition
] [ORDER BY {col_name
|expr
|position
} [ASC | DESC], ...] [LIMIT {[offset
,]row_count
|row_count
OFFSEToffset
}] [PROCEDUREprocedure_name
(argument_list
)] [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name
' [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
]export_options
| INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name
' | INTOvar_name
[,var_name
]] [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]
SQL-server
Uit de Transact-SQL-referentie:
<SELECT statement> ::= [WITH <common_table_expression> [,...n]] <query_expression> [ ORDER BY { order_by_expression | column_position [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ] [ <FOR Clause>] [ OPTION ( <query_hint> [ ,...n ] ) ] <query_expression> ::= { <query_specification> | ( <query_expression> ) } [ { UNION [ ALL ] | EXCEPT | INTERSECT } <query_specification> | ( <query_expression> ) [...n ] ] <query_specification> ::= SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [TOP ( expression ) [PERCENT] [ WITH TIES ] ] < select_list > [ INTO new_table ] [ FROM { <table_source> } [ ,...n ] ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ <GROUP BY> ] [ HAVING < search_condition > ]
PostgreSQL
Uit de PostgreSQL 9.5-handleiding:
[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ] SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] [ * | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY grouping_element [, ...] ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL | DISTINCT ] select ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ] [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] [ FOR { UPDATE | NO KEY UPDATE | SHARE | KEY SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT | SKIP LOCKED ] [...] ] where from_item can be one of: [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ] [ TABLESAMPLE sampling_method ( argument [, ...] ) [ REPEATABLE ( seed ) ] ] [ LATERAL ] ( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ] [ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ WITH ORDINALITY ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ] [ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias ( column_definition [, ...] ) [ LATERAL ] function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] ) [ LATERAL ] ROWS FROM( function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ( column_definition [, ...] ) ] [, ...] ) [ WITH ORDINALITY ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ] from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ] and grouping_element can be one of: ( ) expression ( expression [, ...] ) ROLLUP ( { expression | ( expression [, ...] ) } [, ...] ) CUBE ( { expression | ( expression [, ...] ) } [, ...] ) GROUPING SETS ( grouping_element [, ...] ) and with_query is: with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select | values | insert | update | delete ) TABLE [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ]
Oracle-database
Uit de Oracle Database Online Documentation 12c Release 1 (12.1):
subquery [ for_update_clause ] ;
Hier is een overzicht van de opties.
subquery::=
{ query_block | subquery { UNION [ALL] | INTERSECT | MINUS } subquery [ { UNION [ALL] | INTERSECT | MINUS } subquery ]... | ( subquery ) } [ order_by_clause ] [ row_limiting_clause ]
for_update_clause ::=
FOR UPDATE [ OF [ [ schema. ] { table | view } . ] column [, [ [ schema. ] { table | view } . ] column ]... ] [ { NOWAIT | WAIT integer | SKIP LOCKED } ]
Zie de officiële Oracle-documentatie voor een uitleg van de subclausules van de componenten.
De GUI gebruiken
De meeste DBMS-GUI's bieden een 'Query Builder' of iets dergelijks om complexe query's te bouwen. SQL Server Management Studio heeft bijvoorbeeld de Query Designer die deze functionaliteit biedt.