invoegen in database vanuit dubbel tekstveld indien niet leeg php sql

Allereerst de manier waarop u uw variabelen hebt gedefinieerd op het moment dat Author_ID2 nooit is gedefinieerd:

$AuthorTitle = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['AuthorTitle']));
$AuthorTitle = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['AuthorTitle_ID2']));

Hier overschrijft u gewoon $AuthorTitle met de waarde van $_POST['AuthorTitle_ID2'] , en definieer niet $AuthorTitle_ID2 helemaal niet.

Vervolgens zou de SQL-instructie zoals u die heeft alleen de tweede author . linken met de study in casestudy omdat LAST_INSERT_ID() zou de ID van het laatst ingevoegde record alleen retourneren, zelfs als er daadwerkelijk meerdere records waren ingevoegd door één instructie.

En tot slot is er een IF-statement in MySQL :

$AuthorTitle       = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['AuthorTitle']));
$AuthorTitle_ID2   = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['AuthorTitle_ID2']));
$F_Name            = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['first_name']));
$F_Name_ID2        = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['first_name_ID2']));
$L_Name            = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['last_name']));
$L_Name_ID2        = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['last_name_ID2']));
$Email             = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['email']));
$Email_ID2         = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['email_ID2']));
$Contactauthor     = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['contact']));
$Contactauthor_ID2 = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['contact_ID2']));
$Title             = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['Title']));
$Summary           = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, ($_POST['Summary']));

mysqli_multi_query($con,"
START TRANSACTION;
    INSERT INTO study(Title, Summary)
    VALUES('$Title','$Summary');
    SET @StudyId = LAST_INSERT_ID();

    INSERT INTO author(AuthorTitle, F_Name, L_Name, Email, Contact)
    VALUES('$AuthorTitle','$F_Name','$L_Name','$Email','$Contactauthor');
    SET @AuthorId = LAST_INSERT_ID();

    INSERT INTO casestudy(AuthorId, StudyId, Submitted)
    VALUES(@AuthorId, @StudyId, NOW());

    IF ('$AuthorTitle_ID2' <> '' OR '$F_Name_ID2' <> '' OR '$L_Name_ID2' <> '' OR '$Email_ID2' <> '' OR '$Contactauthor_ID2' <> '') THEN
        INSERT INTO author(AuthorTitle, F_Name, L_Name, Email, Contact)
        VALUES('$AuthorTitle_ID2','$F_Name_ID2','$L_Name_ID2','$Email_ID2','$Contactauthor_ID2');
        SET @AuthorId = LAST_INSERT_ID();

        INSERT INTO casestudy(AuthorId, StudyId, Submitted)
        VALUES(@AuthorId, @StudyId, NOW());
    END IF;
COMMIT;
");